The Importance of Media

Media has become almost as necessary as food and clothing in the twenty-first century. The meritorious role that a media plays in regenerating the society is undeniable. Various media are prevailing. Media has the duty to inform, educate and entertain human being. News channels and some newspapers are mouthpieces of some social issues, which help us to estimate the realities of lives. They also put their lives in danger during natural disasters and wars just to apprise people of the situation. Information and awareness are spread in the society partly because of the media.The media has shaped and completed people’s lives in this century. Media’s primary task is to inform people, which is related to the form of the government. For example, in a democratic society, one should be aware of the circumstance that is going on around the world. A modern society cannot work without the media, which acts as an agent between public and state. Information as a main task of media so unds basic; however, it is not as simple as it sounds. Information is always balancing between subjectivity and objectivity. On the one hand, media has to warn about all events and keep information neutral.On the other hand, media should also be a podium for groups and organizations that are not predominant. Lastly, media should regulate and criticize not only political parties but also society. Concerning these functions, a variety of media is essential for the correspondence of the world. The role of media in education is evident today by the numbers of computer labs, television sets and libraries that have become part of curriculum in schools. Media comes in different forms and each affects the way students interpret and learn information.Media has brought globalization; as a result, students from different universities and countries are associated through manageable internet connection. As technology become less expensive over the last couple of decades, media has found its way into homes and businesses throughout the world for means such as gathering information, communication, distance learning, etc. Most students do not know what life was like without media because schools are preparing students for efficacious participation in a technological society. Entertainment has a forceful influence on people.This influence of the entertainment industry has grown excessively over the past decades due to the advancement of technology. Entertainment is mostly available through the media which includes: the television, magazines, newspaper, radio, and internet. The influence of entertainment on young generation affects the way they behave, dress, and talk because the current generation depends on entertainment as a form of communication and information. People, therefore, turn to entertainment for daily activities. The media are the place where most people get the latest facts and news on remarkable concerns.The entertainment industry has affected the upcoming gene ration views and expression of culture. Mass media have tremendous effects on our daily life, whether one wants it or not. The media affects people’s perspective not only through television, but also through newspaper and magazines. Consequently, information about the world and the current century come to mind from diverse destiny of media. They can even be turned to benefit by provoking the understanding and articulation of what one believes. Media is among the wonders of the twenty-first century as it interprets coordinated reports repeatedly to millions of audiences.

Pablo Neruda’s Use of Nature Essay

The natural world is one that exists outside of all human constructs and limitations, and illuminates a valuable reality in the world. When considering Pablo Neruda’s body of work, a clear thematic focus on nature is visible. Many of his poems reference the natural, untouched world. This is a thematic juxtaposition to the over-structured, artificial nature of human culture. Using nature symbolically within these poems allows for a clear distinction to be drawn between the real and the artificial, and speaks to the flaws that Neruda sees within society. He brings to the reader’s attention the value of instinctual behavior and emotion, as well as the natural qualities of humans, women in particular, and the social constraints by which all people are bound. His disapproval and call for change is apparent. Neruda’s use of natural symbolism within Walking Around and I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair illustrates several separate issues of superficiality versus reality, The poem I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair serves as an excellent demonstration of this divide of the real versus the superficial. Natural imagery is used within this poem to illustrate that the woman in question supersedes the artificial constructs of society. â€Å"Your hands the color of a savage harvest,/ hunger for the pale stones of your fingernails† is an evident example of this natural symbolism. Within this poem the female is portrayed as raw and real, an element of nature, as opposed to a part of the society that humans have created. Neruda uses similes and metaphors to draw this comparison, illustrating her value and power within the world and upon him. Through his stylistic choices, he demonstrates how his attraction, his need for this woman, is not merely superficial and lustful, as she herself is something greater than what society allows. Although throughout the poem the woman’s physical features are illustrated as the attractive elements of her, it is clear that it is not in fact the body to which he is speaking, but to the qualities that supersede shallow lust. Furthermore, Neruda addresses the most complex and visceral elements within the woman, which he finds the most attractive. â€Å"I want to eat the sunbeam flaring in your lovely body† may at first seem as a line speaking to lust for her body, when this is not the case. Neruda’s utilization of the sunbeam to describe her body makes this evident. He is not addressing her body, or any material aspects,  but in fact addressing the elements of true humanity, that so many people lack, within her. It is clear that he values this true sense of life more than her outward appearance, and it is this yearning for the natural and real that stands as true for all of Neruda’s works. He makes it evident that it is the elements beyond superficial beauty, those that are more than the wants or needs of society, which he truly values and adores. This natural imagery, often used in the context of woman, speaks to Neruda’s overall belief that true emotions are fundamentally more valuable than what society has to offer. He clearly illustrates that although the artificially constructed may be more comfortable, whilst the natural may be more vulgar and unpleasant, the latter is more valuable nevertheless. It is evident throughout his works that he yearns for real emotion and true feeling, as can be seen through several lines in I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair, where he describes himself as â€Å"Silent and starving,/ I prowl through the streets.† The visceral qualities here, as well as the direct comparison of himself to a predatory animal, allow the reader to understand what he perceives as important: the return to natural ways and instincts. Accompanying this is natural emotion, without the veil of social or political acceptance present. His metaphoric hunt for this woman can be paralleled to his search for true emotion and rawness thought within the world. The woman can then be seen as a metaphor for the society that Neruda lived in, within which the natural and instinctual was hidden behind an outward appearance. This importance cast upon true emotion is also emphasized in Walking Around: â€Å"The only thing I want is to lie still like stones or wool.† Neruda speaks to the condition of being a man in society, with many expectations placed upon him, and his discontentment with it. Instead he would prefer to simply exist, in his purest form, like stones, or wool, preferring to be nothing as opposed to living and feeling falsely as society demands. Through this poem Neruda’s frustration with his inability to do this, due to the social constraints that bind, him is apparent. The use of natural comparison allows for a portrayal of the pure and natural things he wants to feel, and that he believes others ought to feel as well. Neruda acknowledges that society is the barrier to these true emotions, and  within the poem Walking Around he discusses the constraints that the human, artificial world imposes upon people by juxtaposing elements of society against the natural world, saying â€Å"And it so happens that I walk into tailor shops and movie houses/ dried up, waterproof, like a swan made of felt†. Neruda draws a stark contrast between the situations within his life that should be moments of comfort, possibly even luxury, and how he feels, dried up, internally dead. He delivers his message through this imagery, illustrating how society has bound him, and how it binds all people living within it. He goes on to say â€Å"I don’t want to go on as a root and a tomb,/alone under the ground, a warehouse with corpses,/ half frozen, dying of grief.† This very powerful image of decay and entrapment within the earth continues to assert his message. Through this stanza Neruda speaks to the internal death and suffocation he experiences being forced to conform, having to act and feel as is expected, while basking in false comforts and enjoying false commodities. His use of natural symbolism illustrated his wish to break free, and feel true freedom. However, he is also willing to acknowledge the firm grasp society has on all existing as a part of it. â€Å"I don’t want to go on being a root in the dark† is a clear acknowledgment of Neruda’s understanding of the system. Although in this case, the natural imagery used does not bear a positive connotation as it does in other places within his work, it is used to demonstrate power and intensity, and a stronghold upon people greater than anything else in their lives. He understands that he is a root, holding up this tree that inevitably traps him and everyone else, although he does continue to hope for an emotional and spiritual freedom, and indicates the small vict ories that he finds within his life. His desire for a real experience â€Å"†¦pushes me into certain corners, into some moist houses, into hospitals where the bones fly out the window,/ into shoe shops that smell like vinegar† These are the places in which Neruda describes freedom, where the grip of society is not as firm and he can truly feel the ugliness and raw nature of the world can be felt. This entire stanza stands to discuss the places in society that are generally deemed as negative, and although he uses words with commonly negative connotation to describe them, the message he is putting across is a positive one. Through the graphic imagery portrayed and the disgust it evokes, Neruda calls out to the reader, to feel more often, and illustrates how these  negative feelings serve as a great positive. He uses this to juxtapose the feelings of contentment so often evoked in society, and the lack of emotion that exists within this. It is within these ugly places that Neruda feels the reality of life comes through and it is these places he deems most valuable. Through his thematic use of nature this is vividly illustrated for the reader and the importance of this freedom and its extreme power is really emphasized throughout his works. Within I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair as well as Walking Around Pablo Neruda uses natural symbolism to illustrate three separate issues of superficiality versus reality, and to discuss what he views as the problem with this superficiality. He brings to light the value of the natural within people, in particular in women; the importance of natural behavior and emotion; as well as the social constraints under which all people exist and should attempt to break away from. The use of nature symbolically does this particularly well due to the drastic juxtaposition that can then be drawn between the constructed, artificial human world and the completely untouched natural, true world. This theme is present not only within these two poems but within Neruda’s entire body of work. It serves as a unifying element for his poetry and as a message of great value for his readers. Works Cited Neruda, Pablo â€Å"I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair† trans. Stephen Tapscott. 27 December 2012. Neruda, Pablo â€Å"Walking Around† trans. Robert Bly. 27 December 2012

Human Resources in South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources in South Korea - Essay Example (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) To start, operate and close a business is well protected by South Korea's regulatory environment. Starting a business takes an average of 17 days compared to the world's average of 43 days. Obtaining a license will take less than the world's average of 19 procedures and 234 days. Closing a business is also easy. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) The investment climate is increasingly open. The government offers incentives such as cash grants and zero-corporate tax zones; has a one-stop-shop for foreign investments; and assigns an official to facilitate each project. Residents and non-residents may have foreign exchange rate accounts. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Trade, fiscal and labour freedoms are relatively weak. Monetary score is hurt by government subsidies of several sectors. Non-tariff barriers are very common. The labour market remains rigid despite the government's effort to enhance market flexibility in recent years. There are burdensome employment regulations that hinder employment opportunities and productivity growth. The non-salary cost of employing a worker is low, but dismissing a redundant employee is costly. The high cost of laying off a worker creates a risk aversion for companies that would otherwise hire more people and grow. Regulations related to the number of work hours are not flexible. (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) The... For outsiders language barriers and tight social or business circles make the Korean labour market difficult to enter. Business relationships have traditionally been built upon personal ties and valuable introductions. The South Korea labour laws are mentioned below: Foreign workers: pursuant to the immigration control act, professional or skilled foreigners can be employed in Korea after being issued with visas; in other particular occupations which include the hospitality and hotel industry (E-7) visa is issued. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) General procedures: the parties concerned sign an employment contract. A related minister makes a recommendation. The minister of Justice issues a visa issuance certificate. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Working standards and welfare: the labour standards act, which stipulates minimum working standards for workers, covers all employees. However, some provisions (relating to employment contracts, restrictions on dismissal, working hours, leave, etc.) are not applied to work places with four workers or less given economic conditions and administrative capacity. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Restrictions on dismissal: employers cannot dismiss employees without justifiable causes. If dismissed without justifiable causes, an employee can apply for redress to a labour relations commission. Employers may be subject to punishment for unjustifiable dismissal. If an employer is to dismiss a worker, he or she should meet strict conditions and procedures. First, the employer should have urgent managerial reasons, make every effort to avoid such dismissals, select those to be dismissed by rational and fair standards and sincerely consult with the trade union or workers' representatives in advance. Even when an

Kurdistan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Kurdistan - Research Paper Example While the political waves have promised to grant this state some form of political freedom, it is clear that it has a long way to go in the journey towards its independence. In the Middle East, Kurdish people claim one of the longest histories. The Kurdistan land was founded back in the year 2400 BC and the Kurds occupied the same geographic region that they occupy today. However, the population in this land has changed since there hass been massive foreign invasions and immigrants into this region. The current face of the Kurdish people has been changed by not only the people surrounding them but also those that have entered in this region in the course of history. One of the historical times that the Kurds mark is the time that they fall under the rule of the Ottoman. The Ottoman Empire considerably suppressed the Kurdish people and this had socioeconomic impacts in this land. Since 1843, during the Ottoman rule, a massive Kurdish uprising underpinned the political consciousness of this community. In the year 1908, the Kurdish people responded to oppression by attempting to form a national Kurdish movement. During the period of the First World War, there was a great struggle to redefine the boundaries of the Kurdistan land. Treaties were being formed by the respective governments to divide the minority communities such as Kurdistan. However, the government of Iraq and Turkey refused to give up the Kurdish land due to the presence of Oil wells in this region. They felt that this would be a great economic loss for the country. At the end of the Second World War, the Kurdish people formed the Mahabad Republic of Kurdistan, a body that gave this land independence from the other countries. However, this independence was short-lived as Iran, with the support of US and Great Britain destroyed this land and executed its leaders. This was a great blow for the land as it reduced the hopes of reconstruction and left the and under no

Dr. Malcolm Crowe in The Sixth Sense movie as heroic archetype Essay

Dr. Malcolm Crowe in The Sixth Sense movie as heroic archetype - Essay Example The function of the hero myth is to develop a person’s awareness of his strengths and weaknesses in order to face life’s problems† (Garbis, 2002). Within this myth, the death of the hero functions as a key to the concept that the individual has gained maturity and has been reborn into the image of the father or mentor. The third stage of the individuation process is known as transcendence and is that stage in the maturation process in which the unconscious and the conscious minds merge to enable the person to experience their full potential. While this would seem to suggest a new theory of human development, it is, instead, an idea that is buried in our earliest myths and legends and continues to play out in our modern stories and films. For example, Dr Malcolm in the film The Sixth Sense represents a heroic archetype who has to go through three main stages including the forced quest, climatic battle and the return as inevitable steps required to achieve the ultim ate goal in his life. The first stage of the hero archetype is the forced quest. This is illustrated in the film through Dr. Malcolm’s obvious feelings of guilt regarding previous failures, primarily in the form of Vincent, a former patient who entered long-term psychiatric care after Dr. Malcolm proved unable to help him stop hearing voices. This is contrasted against the doctor’s equally obvious enthusiasm to help people. Through his conversation with his wife and his responses to the congratulations he receives, it becomes clear that Dr. Malcolm is honored and pleased to receive an award for his work, but more interested in what he can do to help children overcome their various issues. His continued preoccupation with Vincent manifests itself in Vincent’s physical presence within the master bathroom the night of the award. Even here, seeing Vincent as a grown young man standing naked in his bathroom after having broken into the house, Malcolm’s primary concern is to

Response to the scenarios Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response to the scenarios - Case Study Example When the administrator asks what I did with John, I would reach for my notes and explain all the details of the counselling session. In the second scenario involving Cedric, I feel that the counsellor is becoming overly involved in his life and this is unethical. This is owing to the fact that he never turns him away and this means they spend too much time together outside what is recommended by the school as well as the code of ethics governing the profession. A dual relationship is developing between the counsellor and Cedric. This can be observed from the fact that the counsellor has started taking manifold roles in his life (Nickel, 2004). I would have taken a different approach if I were Cedric’s counsellor as I could have tried to get a reliable family member to support Cedric by attending his matches and in performing other roles that are fit for family members. There are various codes of ethics that should be adhered to including the ASCA Code of Ethics, the APA ethics code and the ACA Code of

Training and career Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Training and career Management - Essay Example In the meantime, he has been assigned to spend a year as assistant to the current department head. This is an example of the _____ form of training. In order for needs assessment to be successful, certain key conditions have to be met. Accordingly, the following listing and discussion will be concentric upon discussing these strategies and how they ultimately impact upon the successful fulfillment of needs assessment. The first of these is obviously with regard to defining the goals for needs assessment. In order to accomplish this, a broad overview of the project must be engaged in a thorough analysis of determinant parts understood and appreciated. Additionally, stakeholders must query one another with respect to the specific purpose of the needs assessment. In seeking to understand this particular question, stakeholders can more effectively manage the way in which needs assessment is attempted and indecisiveness of information that might be drawn from it. Further, individuals within the stakeholder process will need to infer how the data will be used, set appropriate agenda, support the new program, and seek to promote policy as a means of reinforcing the inference that again. Further, it is also necessary for these same individuals to determine a timeline for the best and how each part of the previous information will be collected, and under what constraints (Weiss et al., 2014). Lastly, it is also necessary to identify a target population or group as a means of focusing needs assessment towards a specific set of individuals that will be able to provide useful inference. Depending on the type of entity involved, there are a litany of different methods utilize in developing training objectives. However, focusing upon an answer to this question based upon a universal standard, it must be understood that developing training goals, creating learning objectives, establishing learning methods, documenting learning success or failures, and

Outline the key effects of immigration on developed countries and Essay

Outline the key effects of immigration on developed countries and discuss whether the benefits outweigh the disadvantages - Essay Example It contribute to the immigrants better opportunities, better chances to fulfill their aims and objectives, and a better way of life    The living standard of people in the country, is indicated by using the real income per capital and real consumption by capital and also more foreign income is being generated..  The social and cultural aspects of the people are also a main factor to be considering these reduce the cost of labor market in the country and enough business establishments in the country.  Ã‚  Immigrants filling up those jobs reduce the work of consumers, producers and results in increased economic welfare.  The goods produced by the energy of immigrant workers can also contribute additional income as the goods can be sold at lower price.  The cost of market in a country reduces due to a increased number of people in the country. This helps the country lower the labor cost as a result of the people willing to work for the lower wages than the citizen. The creating of business in the country increases as a result of different people set to establish different businesses. The country increases the number of businesses established, and this in turn increases the options among the consumers due to a larger market. The population size increases the number of skilled laborers and hence positively influences productivity which changes the economic differences such as investment and trade. In essence immigrants  increase to the diversity of a society. People these days are leaving poor countries to change their way of living. One of the reasons is that these emigrants need to work to get money for their families. These emigrants some of them are from the poor countries and being ignored from their governments. These kinds of workers benefit the countries a lot and help them gain more profit. However, immigrants may dominate the work force and occupy more prominent positions than the

Speeding cost Essay Example for Free

Speeding cost Essay I will never ever speed again. Speeding cost way too much time and aggravation to continue speeding. This ticket has made me realize that all speeding does is put me and other people in danger and waste a lot of gas. And in these economic times wasting gas isn’t the best idea. I can drive 55 in a 55. Statistics show that if the speed limit is 65 and you go 75 it will get you to your destination 10 minutes faster but you also increase your risk of accident by 25%. Honestly I don’t want to risk an accident over 10 minutes of time. It’s pointless. And I have learned my lesson from speeding in excess over the speed limit. This will never happen again Judge When you speed, you have less time to react to unexpected situations. Other drivers have less time to react to your situation. With that being said, you can easily harm someone or yourself if not kill them by not watching your surroundings. Because like stated before, you not only have little time to react at the normal speed of traffic, but now you are speeding which takes away from the normal time, in return gives you minimal to no time to react at all. Cars are not really designed for high speed even though they are capable. Braking systems are not designed for stops form high speeds. They can overheat and fail in an emergency stop, therefor the â€Å"perfect breaks† I thought I had are completely useless. Which means the poor person in front of me is probably fixing too suffer because I had too speed. In cases as concerned as running into the back of someone. I have heard of people getting paralyzed by careless driving mistakes such as speeding and missing a stop sign.

Fire Safety Essay Example for Free

Fire Safety Essay On a cold summers night the fire department received a two-alarm house fire. When the first-in engine arrived on the scene they reported heavy smoke and flames visible from the exterior. Others units then arrived on the scene to help battle the blaze that destroyed the two-story house. Thankfully, no one was injured. Fire investigators determined the cause of the blaze was a candle that has been left burning unattended while the homeowners left the house. Accidents like this are the reason for fire safety awareness. Fire safety is an essential part of education for both the public and firefighters that has proven to decrease the risk of accidental fires and fire related deaths. The history of the fire service dates back to the early days of history. The service has evolved dramatically from the beginning. The first records of the fire service were recorded when a firefighting force emerged â€Å"during the rule of the roman empire† (Lincolnshire 1). The first try of using a fire brigade didn’t work as planned as nearly a quarter of Rome went up in smoke under rule of emperor Augustus. The first fire brigade used slaves to attempt to put out the raging fires. Later â€Å"Britain got its first organized fire brigade in 43 AD when the Romans invaded. After they left Britain’s first fire brigade disbanded† (Lincolnshire 1). At these early times in history people begin to realize the need for a fire department and the uses for spreading fire safety to protect civilians came about. The main reason for teaching fire safety evolved from these times. It is meant to protect and help save lives when fire is present in ones environment. Firefighting is one of the most honorable jobs in America. They play a major role in the communities in which they work. Firefighters don’t only work to put out fires that occur but also spend much of their time educating the public in an effort to help prevent fires before they start. Webster’s Dictionary defines fire safety as: public education and awareness to help reduce the risk of fires (â€Å"Fire Safety† 500). Fire safety is a simple and  inexpensive in educating the public and can be very helpful in preventing fires (Elken 641). Many fire departments get the community involved in programs to educate people of all ages. There are many types of programs and ways to make fire safety education realistic and interesting to learn about. One of the simplest and most inexpensive ways to share life-saving information is through the public service announcements (Elken 641). Some examples of this are methods such as radio and television commercials. Some fire departments have fire safety trailers. These trailers have often been remodeled to make the living areas of a house realistic but in a much smaller scale. They are fixed to make the sounds and a smoky environment that one might encounter if caught in an actual fire. It is stressed to stay low during a fire in a smoky environment. They also have stoves and fire suppression equipment such as fire extinguishers to educate in how to extinguish small fire such as one that may occur on the stove like a grease fire. Another great safety  program takes place in schools all across the nation. â€Å"Fire prevention and education programs are put in place to teach the dangers of fire and how to evacuate the building quickly and properly in case of an emergency in the learning atmosphere† (Elken 643). Fire drills are an example of procedures that take place in the school to inform students what to do in case of an emergency. These are a few examples of fire safety programs taught around the nation. The need for fire safety has never been higher. As more and more people move into the nation referred to as the â€Å"melting pot† more and more precautions need to be taken as the population increases. The US Fire Administration states â€Å"The US has one of the most highest death rates in the industrialized world (US Fire 1). â€Å"About 5,700 people are killed every year in fires and about 29,000 civilians are injured in fire related injuries† (US Fire 1). Furthermore, â€Å"Careless smoking is one of the most commons reason for fires in residential fires† but â€Å"arson is one of the major causes of death in commercial fire fatalities† (Elken 645). Fire safety is an essential part of public knowledge to help prevent these deaths and fire related injuries. There are many ways to help prevent fire deaths and injuries. Statistics show â€Å"A working smoke detector doubles a person’s chance of surviving a fire. Approximately 90 percent of US homes have at least one smoke detector. Nearly half the residential fires and three fifths of fatalities occur in home with no detectors† (US Fire 2). Smoke and fire detectors can be located throughout a  structure usually close to sleeping quarters. Battery or electricity or both operate them. All batteries should be changed when the time changes. Fire extinguishers should always be placed throughout the house in case of a fire. It is not only important to have this type of devise but it is essential to know how to fully operate it. All basic extinguishers are the same in that they have a handle, and pin to pull for activation by squeezing the handle, and a nozzle that can be pointed to the base of the fire. Another system that is becoming popular and required by fire code in some establishments is the installation of sprinkler systems. The Systems â€Å"have become more cost effective and can usually be installed for .75 to 1.50 dollars per square foot (US Fire 2). It is very important to have some type of devise in the home in the event of an emergency. It is obvious fire safety education is necessary to decrease the risk of fire fatalities. The NFPA says, â€Å"since 1980, fire calls have fallen 43%† (Top Ten 1). Firefighters hard work across the nation is paying off when it comes to public education. As the world strives to reach higher standards in technology I think there will be an even greater decrease in fires in both the residential and commercial environment. As long as the firefighters and communities continue to work together to teach people of all ages about the importance of preventing fire and how to react in the event that one may occur the rate of fire fatalities and injuries will continue to decrease. Saving lives and property is what fire safety is all about.

Experiments on Trusting Senses

Experiments on Trusting Senses The illusion of sight and sound This report examines what aspects of psychology can provide interactive and informative ways to provide an opportunity for the public to evaluate whether they can trust their senses. Focusing on vision and the illusion created by the human mind, also auditory perception, and the co-dependence on other senses, for example sight. 1: Introduction The minute decisions we make are based upon the information we gain from our senses. The human body depends on five senses, this report will focus on the individuals ability to see and hear. However, the way the human body processes information can trick the senses and the brain into not hearing sounds or seeing illusions. This report will outline some ways in which psychologists understanding of the senses may provide useful interactive tools to connect with the public and give an opportunity for self-discovery. 2: What are the senses? The senses are the bodies way of gaining information from the surrounding environment. The five senses are sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch, which has three individual aspects, feeling temperature, pain and pressure. These senses provide the body with information externally and internally. There is also proprioception, known as the sixth sense. This additional sense gives information as to where the body is in relation to the environment, for example where the different limbs are in correlation to the environment, the bodies need for food and drink, body awareness (Turner, Block4, 2015). 3: How the other four senses work? Our sense of taste is influenced by sight and smell, for instance cover your nose and eat with a blindfold on and some of your favourite foods may taste differently. The sense of taste is altered by personal experience, emotions are also tied to the bodies relationship to food and expectations of the taste and texture of a food (Turner, Block 4, 2015). Smell is based on experience, there are some smells many find unpleasant. However, when exposed to an odour repeatedly, the body learns to mask and ignore the scent, for instance a perfume can smell amazing or terrible, influenced completely by your attraction to the individual wearing it (Turner, Block 4, 2015). Touch is often influenced by subjective comparisons. Proprioception, awareness of environment, for example, feeling heat near the skin or cool air, touching hard or soft surfaces (Turner, Block 4, 2016). 3.1: Vision Sight is the most trusted of the senses, however what is seen by the individual is dependent on personal beliefs, levels of attention and perceptions. The human eye can only detect light in a faction of the range of the electromagnetic spectrum, to counter this shortcoming the individual builds an accurate internal representation of the surrounding environment. People rarely see what is occurring around them and often fill in the blanks with assumptions. For example, when being asked to describe the contents in a bedroom, the assumption is there was a bed there, even if we didnt see one (Turner, Block 4, 2015). 3.2: Auditory perception Hearing is often based on assumptions, for instance, having misheard what someone said, even when they speaking clearly or not noticing a repetitive sound until it is pointed out to you. A typical person hears less than a bat or elephant in terms of range of sound frequencies. People are constantly surrounded by sound and learn to filter out much of the environmental noise (Turner, Block 4, 2016). An individual can focus attention on areas of interest, for example, at a party, where many conversations are going on, yet the human ear only tunes in to the conversation of interest. 4: Interactive examples For the public to fully engage with the surrounding environment and to gain a clearer understanding about the human abilities and limitations of sight and sound, the suggestion of interactive visual illusions offers a good opportunity to evaluate whether they can trust their senses within a fun and relaxed way. Â   Â   Â   For example, this YouTube video which illustrates the individuals perception of length and distance. This optical illusion illustrates a three-dimensional perception, how the distance between lines and shapes cause the brain to perceive a size difference simply by altering lines. This illusion is also known as The Ponzo illusion, which favours the top-down process, simply put, the human brain decides on what is being perceived based on prior existing knowledge (Turner, Block 4, 2015). A suggested example for auditory senses, this video plays a distorted sentence, twice which allows the brain to begin existing prior information to help understand incoming information. The sentence will be played for a third time, when to the surprise of the individual the sentence is understandable. Usually the individual assumes the audio has been changed but once explained can help people draw attention to whether they can trust their senses or not. Also within the framework of this exhibition the language barrier and the possible decreased ability of some senses should be considered. A language option being provided before individuals begin the various tasks, maybe including a sign language option should be considered as to not exclude any members of the public from this learning experience. 5: Conclusion Discovering if the senses humans depend on can be trusted can be developed into an adventure of self-knowledge. Appling different techniques of visual optical illusions, problem solving activities which require minimal skills to complete and auditory illusion, the exhibition becomes interactive with the public and can continue to develop within a multi-cultural framework, however the exhibition should balance the many languages and sensory needs of all visitors to this exhibition. That a verbal and visual aid should be suggested along with language opinions. In conclusion, the evidence is persuasive that there are still many things to learn about human senses, however the individual senses working together seem to manage the important tasks of everyday life. On balance this exhibition will help to build a greater understanding of our own boundaries of self. Word Count: 1017 References An audio Illusion-Your Brain, [ Online]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tG9HSvNPVKQ (Accessed [ 20.03.2017]). Moving Illusions, [ Online]. Available at https://youtu.be/Iw8idyw_N6Q (Accessed [ 20.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 3:Auditory perception, DD210, Bock 4, Week 18, Making sense of the world, [Online].https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843722section=3 (Accessed [ 20.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 6:Developing your skills: report writing, DD210, Bock 4, Week 21, Conspiracy theories, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843725section=6 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner J., (2015) Making Sense of the world, in: Turner, J., Barker, M.J. (eds.) Living psychology: From the Everyday to the Extraordinary. (Book 2.) Milton Keynes, The Open University. Turner, J. (2016), section 2:You are plastic and so are your brains, DD210, Bock 4, Week 18, Making sense of the world, [ Online]. Available at https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843722 (Accessed [ 20.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 4:Motion perception, DD210, Bock 4, Week 18, Making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843722section=4 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 3:Perceiving things that arent there: pareidolia, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=3 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). The government minister may focus on the decrease of -14% from 2013-14 in Credit card identity theft. However, the opposing shadow minister could counter with data illustrating a decrease from 26,488 -15,420 in 2008-2011 when the shadow government were in place. However, the government minister could also suggest the data implies an increase from 15,420 24,078 in 2011-2012, before the initiatives were imposed and therefore implicating the shadow minsters government as being at fault. Overall from the public view point there is only 5.4% difference between the figure in 2008 and the figure presented in 2014, the data shows a steady decline during 2008-2011. However, during 2012 there was a shape increase of 8.658 incidents which increases again in 2013 and falls by -14% in 2014. The government minister May also focus on the overall decrease of 4% in 2013-14 in counterfeit fraud (cloned/skimmed cards). However, the shadow minister may wish to raise that in 2009 this area was at its lowest of 99,403 incidents and at its highest in 2013 with figures reaching 138,967 incidents and therefore there is no real decrease in occurrences as the initial figures suggest, in fact there is an increase of incidents after the measures were put in place by the present government minister. From the public view point in 2013 incidents increase by 25.964 taking the figure to 138.967 which then fell by -4% to 133.943, the two highest figures from 2008-2011 the data shows a strong decrease from 2008 -2009 dropping from 115,590 to 99,403, however, there is a steady increase from 2010-2012 the data showing that an additional 11.056 incidents occurred. Overall the data suggests that the measures and initiatives put in place by the government minster in this area have increased the le vel of incidents occurring. Data suggests that the area of remote/online purchase fraud has grown by 7% the shadow minister may well raise the evidence which shows a marked increase in incidents from 2012-2013 which is when the measures were imposed, there is a growth of 201.788 incidents occurring. And this figure increases again in 2014 by 7%. However, the government minister could suggest that the figures from 2013-2014 for credit card identity theft and counterfeit fraud (cloned/ skimmed cards) has a decrease of -18% collectively and therefore suggest more resources be directed towards remote/ online purchase fraud. The government minster could also argue that the data suggests from 2011-2012 there was an increase of 40.798 incidents which were before any measures were in place. However, the shadow minister can use the data to show that during 2008-2011 there was a decrease of incidents totalling 165.684. From the publics view point the area of remote/online purchase fraud has the highest incident rate across the data table. The data suggest the measures which were in place prior to 2013 show stronger impact across the data table. In 2009 column, there is a marked decrease in all areas in contrast with 2013 column after the measures were imposed there is a marked increased in all areas. The data table suggest the public are at more risk from fraud in 2013-2014 then in 2009. Word count: 523 Are lies more believable than the truth? As the title suggests the purpose of this short essay is to outline the research undertaken by psychologist into rumours and conspiracy theories and assess if the research findings favour or refute the idea that a lie is more believable than the truth. There is a traditional saying that A lie can get halfway round the world before the truth has its boots on, It can be argued that rumours create conspiracy theories and just like a pebble in the pond creates more ripples, more rumours can enable a collective cycle of mutual reinforcement. For instances, Procter et al., observed media reports and the social media engine Twitter during the English riots of August 2011, this allowed for an opportunity to study how rumours begin and grow over the course of an event. Byford, (Block 4, 2016), suggests that close to 2.6million tweets were posted during and shortly after the events, carrying a hashtag pertaining to the riots and occurring events. The purpose of Procter et al., 2013 observation was to gain insight into specifically tweets which make claims and counter claims about unfolding events, but lack the evidence to refute or support the claims. This information can then be used to clearly demonstrate the difference between rumour and factual tweets. Byford, (Block 4, 2016) suggests the study results showed a pattern, a cycle of a rumour beginning to spread via a tweet being shared by others, before being flagged and questioned for rationale, evidence or support. This then began the cycle of a few people questioning the many and this would then become a debate, which leads to the tweet being slowly ignored and no longer shared, as the rationale or lack of clear evidence being shown discouraged believability. However, the findings of this study also showed that a false tweet spread faster than the subsequent debate or conclusion of its falsehood. Procter et al., 2013, p. 204 uses the rumour of rioters attacking Birmingham childrens hospital to illustrate the speed in which false tweets are shared in comparison to rebuttals. This analogy suggests the rumours travel three times as fast as the explanation provided by the police at that time, clearly rebutting the false rumour. The cycle was the same it took longer for the falsehood t o be refuted and disregarded. Procter et al., (Block 4, 2013), also noted individuals arriving late to the conversations showed a preference for the original false tweet rather than the debate or rebuttal, this action may suggest that the debate and rebuttal are somewhat ignored. In conclusion, many conspiracy theories continue with strong momentum simply because there is no clear unrefutably solid evidence provided, which only adds to the collective cycle of mutual reinforcement as there have been some Conspiracy theories found to be factual for example, Security services in the USA and Europe monitoring communications and terrorists conspiring to carry out the 9/11 attacks, However, as many if not more conspiracy theories are shown to be faulted. The strength of social media to do good and harm plays out mostly with rumour and fact. As the research suggests lies do travel faster than the truth. Word count:532 References Byford, J., (2015) Conspiracy theories, in: Turner, J., Barker, M.J. (eds.) Living psychology: From the Everyday to the Extraordinary. (Book 2.) Milton Keynes, The Open University. Turner, J. (2016), section 3:Conspiracy theories as stories, DD210, Bock 4, Week 21, Conspiracy theories, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843725section=3 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 7:Developing your skills: numeric data and statistics in psychology and everyday life, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=7 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 6: Focus on methods: risk, randomness and probability, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=6 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Turner, J. (2016), section 4:Heuristics and biases: health and safety, DD210, Bock 4, Week 19, Everyday errors in making sense of the world, [Online]. https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=843723section=4 (Accessed [ 21.03.17]). Procter, R, Vis, F, Voss, A 2013,Reading the riots on Twitter: methodological innovation for the analysis of big data, International Journal of Social Research methodology, 16,3, pp. 197-214 [ online]. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.774172 (Accessed [ 21.03.17])

The Good Mother †A Passive Life :: Good Mother

The Good Mother – A Passive Life  Ã‚   "We live in a world...where the decisive deed may invite the holocaust." --John Updike An interesting question that emerges while reading The Good Mother is: Why did Anna let it happen? Of course, this question must be included among many others, most of which elicit ambiguous answers: What really happened? Was there fault to be assigned? If so, who was at fault? What is a good mother? Can a woman be a good lover and a good mother? Where must sexual boundaries be drawn between children and couples in a household? Regardless of what it is, the answer to the question Why did Anna let it happen is that she was rendered almost powerless by her gender, class, and social and family background to do anything but let it happen. She spent her life letting things happen. Anna Dunlap, recently freed from a boring marriage and involved in a sexual awakening with an unconventional man, probably thought of herself as liberated in a very literal way before and during her affair with Leo Cutter. "I had a sense, a drunken irresponsible sense, of being about to begin my life, of moving beyond the claims of my own family, of Brian, into a passionate experiment, a claim on myself." (p. 10) As events played out, however, it became obvious that Anna had not escaped her history and that her "liberation" was just an illusion. Anna grew up in the shadow of her wealthy, domineering grandfather, her emotionally absent father and her cold, achievement-oriented mother. Her mother ran her life, pushing Anna to practice piano in the hopes she would become a professional musician one day. Anna was learning that she was not in control of her life; she was forced to let life (through her mother's ambitions for her) happen to her. When she visited her grandparents' summer home in Maine, Anna witnessed her grandfather's overwhelming dominance and saw her grandmother, mother and aunts engaged in interesting but meaningless (in Anna's view) "women's" conversations. When Anna was fourteen, her mother, realizing Anna was not a musical genius, loosened her grip on her daughter and, in fact, ceased to praise her for anything. As Anna's body changed and she became attractive to boys, she tried to define herself through sex, which she found empty and unsatisfying. Once again, Anna was not in control; she let it happen.

I Want to Coach High School Football :: Teaching Education Philosophy

I Want to Coach High School Football As I was preparing to leave high school and look for a career, I had to make an immense decision. I had to decide what field I wanted to pursue, and how to go about it. I knew I wanted to teach because it offered everything I wanted in a profession including, good benefits, decent pay, the chance to work with children, and the chance to eventually coach High School Football. No other career I found can offer all of these advantages. Although I know I want to teach there is more to the teaching profession than that. First, I have to learn the curriculum and then how to bring that material across to the students. The actual learning process comes naturally for me, but I had to stop and think about how I would bring it across once I become a teacher. This involves many aspects of my life and what I feel is important. I feel ones teaching philosophy pulls from every portion of an individuals belief system. These can include your moral and ethical beliefs, your personality, and also what you, as a teacher, feel is important for the students to learn. To me this seems to be a very big responsibility, so when I started considering my teaching philosophy, I did not take the task lightly. It seems to me that there is a very thin line between fulfilling your own expectations as a teacher, and giving the children what they need and even what they want. I decided that I as a prospective educator, found no teaching philosophy that fulfilled all of my beliefs and hopes. I felt that choosing one philosophy in its entirety was to extreme. I feel that there are parts of all of the philosophies that are excellent, but the philosophies as a whole fail the students in some aspects. That is why for me, I chose an eclectic philosophy. I broke down all of the ways of thinking and came up with my own personal philosophy to use some day when I achieve my dream of being a teacher. I feel it is very important to teach the basic skills first.

Analysis of Barbie Doll Essay

The Devastation of Social Pressure One would think that growing up would be a fun, not a worry in the world, happy experience. Yes, that is the way it should be, but that’s not always the case, especially for women. As girls season into women they realize they not only have to face the fact that they’re in a patriarchal society, but also the influences and pressure they face in the social aspect of things, such as their looks and body image. There is so much competition amongst girls, especially when transitioning into a woman and through most of their adulthood. So instead of being able to enjoy life and absorbing the true quality of it, we are side tracked with superficial, stereotypical, shallow thoughts and images of how we think life is supposed to be. Although, who’s to say what’s right and what’s wrong with the way we interpret things? Marge Piercy, who wrote the poem â€Å"Barbie Doll†, has a very strong view of how destructive social pressure can be to a girl through her transitioning stages into a woman. She expresses how the Barbie doll, the toy figurine that woman idealize, is, in fact, a method of corruption to a young girl. First and for most we must understand who the persona is in the poem, which is a woman, and more specifically Marge Piercy herself. She is observing a young girl going from Wolfe 2 childhood, adolescents, adulthood and then death in a roundabout way. Starting with the first stanza, of four, the persona explains of a young girl, and her playing with a doll, the Mattel’s Barbie doll to be precise. This doll is to be described as tall, blonde hair, blue eyes and it has the perfect body. The girl, â€Å"†¦presented dolls that pee-pee/and miniature GE stoves and irons/ and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy† (2-4). The words iron, stove, and lipstick are all play-things for the girl, but are also identity markers. Such that the doll represents the ideal body image, the iron and stove tells us what type of work is expected of the girl when she becomes an adult (keep in mind that this poem was written in the nineteen seventies and that woman in the work force was still a very small percentage, thus women were still very domesticated) and the lipstick is to imply a sexual innuendo. In the last line in the first stanza the girl goes through puberty and no time is wasted before a classmate judges and criticizes her, â€Å"You have a great big nose and fat legs† (6). Going through puberty is a stage of growth. Adolescents become more aware of their social standing and sexual being. As we read further, the doll, she once played with, will create a major impact on her; in the aspect of her body image and the pressure she faces from her peers. In the second stanza we see how the woman is dissatisfied with herself even though she is â€Å"healthy and tested intelligent/possessed strong arms and back/ abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity† (7-9). The persona continues to say, â€Å"She went to and fro apologizing/Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs† (10-11). The traits that this woman possesses, is in every way correct; however, she is so sure her physical traits are unacceptable to the culture. No matter what she sees in the mirror or what she hears, this won’t change her opinion about herself image. She has been brainwashed about her looks and she doesn’t think she is good enough. She goes around apologizing to everyone about the person she has become, believing there is no way she can change, at least in a healthy manner. In the third stanza we read how society is forcing the woman to change her healthy ways, physically, into something she isn’t. She does what she can to fit into society by, â€Å"†¦play[ing] coy/ exhorted to come on hearty/ exercise, diet, smile and wheedle† (12-14). She had so much pressure from every direction, she felt obligated to try and conform her body into what society viewed as ideal, which we know of as the Barbie doll toy. This idea was short lived. Instead of standing her grounds and accepting the individual that she is, she drowns. Society got the best of her, â€Å"Her good nature wore out/ like a fan belt† (15-16). She gave up and paid the ultimate price to be accepted in society, â€Å"†¦she cut off her nose and her legs/ and offered them up† (17-18). Now that she has removed her flaws she temporarily relinquishes her depression, weakness, and anxiety. Now that she has met the, impossible, unrealistic, standard, she can permanently wash her existences away and leave her shell of beauty behind. In the final Stanza, Piercy highlights the theme of the poem. Simply put, women aren’t accepted into society unless they represent the ideal woman. Now that the woman is free of body flaws and has had a makeover, she can be accepted into her culture even though we know this isn’t her true self. What must this say about the society she has been exposed to? In order to survive in this specific culture, if we’re not perfect, is to become someone we’re not. So not only do we have to try to live up to a standard that is not comprehendible but we also have to be fake. In the middle of the last stanza Piercy explains, â€Å"with the undertaker’s cosmetics painted on/a turned-up putty nose/dressed in a pink and white nightie† (20-22). The woman now has the superficial , but perfect, looks. She is manipulated (physically) so she can finally be recognized. Letting a society make this woman frail and surrender to being her own individual shows a lack of values and morals within herself. Having our own opinions, life experiences and ethics make us who we are and if we were all the same or are held up to the same expectations what would life be like? Would we all act like robots? Clones? As the woman has been re-configured, shallow talks are amongst her, â€Å"Doesn’t she look pretty? everyone said/Consummation at last/To every woman a happy ending† (23-25). Mission complete, she achieved her goal; she is pretty, unflawed, and looks like the ideal woman.

Absorbent Mind essay Essay

Absorbent Mind Mind- â€Å"The human consciousness that originate in the brain & is manifested especially in thought, perception, emotion, will, memory & imagination. The collective conscious and unconscious process in a sentiment organism that directs & influence mental & physical behaviour.† Guideline by Navadisha Child’s aim:- Reproduction of adult or Self Construction In child development Physical characteristics always accompanied with psychological characteristics. One of these characteristics is ‘Absorbent mind’. Aim of first plane – Independence & Adaptation For Achieving aims Nature given a dynamic power to child in his first plane of development dynamic power-Absorbent Mind- Means – manner of absorption or absorb the idea of sequence or attitude towards the existance Purpose- 1 guiding for getting intelligence 2 help in creating behaviour by own (cause of not fixed) 3help in process of adaptation & self creation 1.Characteristics of absorbent mind:- (in first Plane i.e called fundamental creation in process of self construction Second embryonic life)) †¢ Universal †¢ Disappear at the age of 6 †¢ Works continuously even in sleeping †¢ Work tirelessly †¢ Can not withdraw or erase/convert/replace †¢ Instantaneous †¢ No capacity of discriminate & judgment/non selective †¢ Different form adult’s mind †¢ Adopt from purposeful environment – adaptation of language /movement/social behaviour/order †¢ Collecting raw food from environment †¢ Voluntary †¢ Not measurable †¢ No alteration †¢ Capturing everything †¢ No sequence †¢ Invisible †¢ Enthusiasm for absorption †¢ Permanent †¢ Propels by nature †¢ global Analogy:-sponge, camera, spotlight, photographic plate †¢ Difference between child’s mind & adult’s mind What derive these fundamental aspects:- 1. Link to love †¢ Born with love for environment †¢ Immerse himself with everything present there †¢ With open arms accepting the experience whatever is coming on their way †¢ Involvement with full of energy & enthusiasm †¢ Everything is wonder & glowing †¢ Inner urge( created by nature) in child force him towards work †¢ Inexhaustible work 2. conscious will arrived in 2.5yrs, nature reciedes 3. special kind of memory occurs I.e MNEME- unconscious memory 1. unique for 1st plane 2. Vital capacity 3. Limitless impulsive 4 power of retention (locked up for whole life) Absorbent mind is creative in nature which helps building the human characteristics without selection. Starts in the womb itself. Adaptation of environment:- Two phases |Birth to three |Three to six | |Unconscious phase |Conscious phase/conscious worker | |No will |Life begins again/ time of exploration –powers given by nature | |No intelligence |Will/intelligence takes place | |New child for new day |Capacity –choose/move/aware | |Creating unconsciously |concentration | |Certain adaptation in place- |integration(help in usage of capacities) | | |Exercise on real activities | Aspects of Adaptation (functions of absorbent mind):- |Acquisition of Movement |Acquisition of language |Acquisition of social behaviour | |Born with reflexible movement, Sucking , breathing,|Language creator |Emotions & emotional stablity | |rooting ,touching startled | |Safe & secure | |Voluntary movements-mind driven |Observe lip movements |Culture/intellectual | |Forms mental development |From sea of sounds-attracts towards human |Spritiual / time/ place | | |language | | |Focusing on human way of doing |tone |order | |Absorbs every movement present in environment/ base|Hearing/expressions /integration | | |is same | | | |Senses help in mental development |Absorb surrounding language | | |0-3 manner/ 3-6- decide to develop |Tool of gradually building language | | |Specific way of movement but base is same |3-6 – refine & use in own way |3-6 – incartion in conscious phase | Adult’s Role: Understand the role of absorbent mind in child’s development Help him to create great foundation in first stage of development 1. [pic]

Lighting Needs of Houses in Newbold Crossing

LIGHTING NEEDS OF THE HOUSE Glare problems; snow or bare ground Newbold is situated in the rural north-west sector of NSW, with Clarence River been the main body of water that passes directly through the area. According to results conducted by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts  (2009) the turbidity of this large body of water appears to be fair to poor. Turbidity takes into account suspended solids in the water and measures the clarity, absorption of light and the amount of light which gets scattered causing little to no glare to houses on the banks of the river. The topography of Newbold is mainly flat with a couple of gentle slopes, which consists of grass land, bare ground and the remainder of the area been surrounded by trees. As the majority of the days throughout the year are sunny with little or no overcast shadows. This means that there is an abundant amount of sunlight which hits the pasture and bare ground with the majority of the amount of sunlight been absorbed with small amounts uv-rays that bounce off and create minimal to no discomfort to the eyes. Pretoria in South Africa is geographically the same in essence as Newbold Crossing in NSW as the same phenomena with glare occurs there. Clarence Way, Newbold NSW 2460 http://maps. google. com. au/maps? hl=en&tab=wl Natural and artificial methods of lighting Ndebele houses in Pretoria, South Africa only had one opening which was the entrance into the house. As displayed in the picture below the entrance was typically facing the south, this meant that minimal amount of light entered the building. The source of light came from a fire which was set in the middle of the hut. Image 1 Ndebele traditional huts Traditional houses in Pretoria, South Africa have always aimed at eliminating the maximum amount of sunlight that could penetrate their huts. But through the years their huts have evolved and changed due to the influences that they had from the Sotho and Pedi neighbours. In respect to the dimensions of the entrance of their huts, they have gotten bigger meaning that further light could enter the building. This concept is similar to houses first built in Newbold Crossing. Initially they had small window dimensions, as they thought this would minimise the amount of heat that would enter the building, but they suffered from cold nights and low levels of lighting in houses. Soon they developed a new concept where they would have larger window dimensions to allow light into a house so that rooms would be illuminated, and so that relatively low amount of heat would be retained within the household for the cold night, making houses thermally more comfortable. This same concept lead to the idea of large windows been incorporated into Newbold Crossing. The concept has developed as houses in this region have solar passive design. The houses constructed have specific eave dimensions to counteract the amount of sunlight the building takes in. In the winter the sun has a low angle in respect to the horizon of the earth, and the maximum amount of sunlight is absorbed to maintain the building warm and well lit up. But in the summer the angle at which the sun is in respect to the horizon to the earth is greater, this is where the eaves are used to counteract the effect of direct sunlight by the building. To further avoid the abundant amount of direct sunlight, properties in Newbold have trees located in-front of large windows. In the centre and other areas of a house that sunlight does not reach, a skylight is put in place to aid with natural lighting and avoid carbon footprints. The artificial method of lighting in Newbold is through incandescent light bulbs and some of the newer houses use halogen downlights. But the Clarence Valley Council (corresponding council of Newbold) has set up initiatives and emphasised the use of compact fluorescent lights which have less wattage ower but in turn does not require the same amount of energy to run, therefore it uses less electricity and minimises carbon footprints. Taking in mind that there is plenty of sunlight throughout the whole year into households, so artificial lighting should only be used during the evening or for tasks that are complex and require good lighting. REFERENCE Australian Governement, 2009, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, viewed 9 May 2010, Dalton, J 1808, A new system of chemical philosophy, Deansgate, London.

French Philosophers Essay

MONTAIGNE Montaigne is both a literary writer and a philosopher > a humanist. Montaigne’s essays: cover a loto f topics without claiming to provide a definitive or an absolute truth about these topics: â€Å"We have no communication with being†, Essays, II, 12 The Problem of Truth Being is not accessible for a finite being as we (men) are. Senses or reason are not criteria of truth. Sense is no criteria since its always changing and reason is no criteria also because we only have access to appeareances, which also change. Things are always changing. They are in a perpetual movement : – The only â€Å"thing† we are directly in relation with is ourselves. The â€Å"I† is constantly changing, is in a perpetual movement and it is not self-centred or an egocentric character it is the first step to explore the whole world. He is emblematic of the rebirth of SCEPTICISM. Scepticism is the position that says that it is impossible to know anything because all the propositions are equal. For skeptics there’s no criteria for thruth. 3 Main Principles A) Epoche = â€Å"suspending judgement† – when you are not sure of what you are saying. The Greek word epoche means to check, cease, suspend, stop, or pause in some activity that otherwise or normally occurs. The sceptic suspends his judgment for default of a good reason for exercising it. The dogmatist asserts that something is true. B) Relativism = all points of view are equally valid. C) Isosthenia = the equality of strength of two opposing arguments. Sceptism is more a process than a result, is more a methodology. Descartes Dogmatism, Rationalism and Dualism 1. Dogmatism – comes from the greek word â€Å"dogma†(opinion or belief) – Common and pejorative sense: the tendency to lay down principles as undeniably true, without consideration of evidence or the opinion of others. – Philosophical meaning: doctrine that asserts that man is able to get to the  truth or, in other words, that man is able to attain absolute truths and certainty of knowing (Opposite of Skepticism). Descartes is dogmatic since he believes that we can get to absolute certainty, what he calls evidence or clear perceptions(intelectual perception, the one you can get through the eyes of mind, not the eyes of body). We can reach the truth. Reason is unique and ultimate source of truth. 2.Rationalism: REASON versus senses. Reason is the chief source and test of knowledge. Rationalism is based on deduction (versus induction). ln that sense, it is opposed to empiricism: the theory of knowledge which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience Knowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to identify the figures and the properties that essentially constitutes one thing (Text 3 – Wax argument) Dream argument: ln our dreams our sensations are sometimes so strong that everything is going as if we were awake (whereas in fact we are not) Our senses are deceitful: we can’t trust them ; only reason can be trusted Wax argument: Knowledge ≠  observing its empirical qualities. Knowledge is an activity of our mind that applies itself to identify the figures and the properties that essentially constitute one thing. Cogito, ergo sum: essential link between thought and humanity.Thinking is the only proof of my existence and it is also my essence; both are simultaneous. I prove my existence by my essence (versus accidental qualities). Moreover, thinking is a property that only men possess.ïÆ'   animals are not able to think and that’s also why they are not able to speak (text 5). 3. Dualism: In philosophy of mind, dualism is a view about the relationship between mind and matter which claims that mind and matter are two ontologically separate categories. It is opposed to monism: philosophical view according to which everything can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance. â€Å"I am not only lodged in my body as a pilot in a vessel† This sentence shows that Descartes also tries to think the union and the connection of mind and body in the human being that we are Rousseau (Enlightment) Rousseau has a contractualist or contractarian approach of society: he conceives it as an invention or as an artifice. Legitimate authority of government must derive from the consent of the governed ïÆ'  Society doesn’t exist by nature. contractualism is opposed to naturalism, The state of nature: the one that exists before the invention of society. Rousseau does not think that this state really existed. It is methodological: the state of nature aims to understand and to evaluate the civil state we are actually living in. Why is the state of nature so good? State of nature is defined by pity and self-loved. Considers that man in the state of nature are not leaving together and are independent. According to Rousseau, the state of nature is a state of self-sufficiency in which every man is equal. On the contrary, civil state introduces: – property, – inequality, – love of self That’s why it is a perversion and a degradation of our natural condition Different from Hobbes: Hobbes argues that all humans are by nature equal in faculties of body and mind. From this equality, everyone is naturally in competition with one another (copiar resto) Love of self: always comparing yourself to the other and trying to see what you can do to be better†¨ Self Love: you always give your 100% He is not saying we should return to the state of nature. He considers the  state of nature as a moral value in order to evaluate society. Human Nature 2 essential properties: 1) PERFECTIBILITY or faculty of improvement (Text 2) Perfectibility draws men out of this original condition and gives him adaptability. At the same time, perfectibility is responsible for the evill. 2) FREEDOM (Text 1). Nature and instinct (beast) are here opposed to freedom. Nature and instinct are here opposed to freedom. Dog cant go against his instinct, if he is hungry for example. freedom is the equivalent of what we call â€Å"autonomy† If society perverts humankind, but if, at the same time, man doesn’t have to return to a state of nature, this is because his essential properties (freedom and perfectibility) imply to divorce from nature Difference of DEGREE between men and beast. Men, like animals, are also able to form ideas but they are more complex than the ones animals could form. There is a difference in terms of nature since men are free and animals follow their instinct. Freedom is the ability of choice. We are able to determine ourselves to act and not to be passive in front of each situation. Freedom is the equivalent to what we call â€Å"autonomy† 4. The Social Contract This legitimate political authority comes from a social contract agreed upon by all citizens for their mutual preservation. (1) The collective grouping of all citizens = the â€Å"sovereign† (it is like an individual person). As the sovereign entirely proceeds from our will: â€Å"each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody† (text 4). Obeying the contract coincides with obeying ourselves and that’s precisely what Rousseau calls  « autonomy  » The concept of â€Å"general will† End of Text 4 The general will is the common interest. Even if it proceeds from the particular wills of every citizens, it is more than the collection of particular wills The general will finds its clearest expression in the general and abstract laws of the state

Challenges Faced Rural Healthcare Facilities Health And Social Care Essay

Challenges Faced Rural Healthcare Facilities Health And Social Care Essay Twenty-five percent of the total population in the United States are living in rural areas and compared with urban Americans and healthcare facilities in rural areas generally serve low-income, the elderly, and individuals who are less informed and armed with less knowledge concerning health care prevention measures. Moreover, rural individuals accessing healthcare in rural facilities face barriers to healthcare such as fewer doctors, hospitals and health resources in generation and face difficulty in accessing health services. Statement of the problem   Hospital closures and other market changes have adversely affected rural areas, leaving State and Federal policymakers, and others concerned about access to health care in rural America. Considerable changes in the health care delivery system over the past decade have intensified the need for new approaches to health care in rural areas. Managed care organizations, for example, may not be developed easily in rural areas, partly be cause of low population density. Research Questions          The primary research question in this study is the question of whether rural health care facilities overcome the ongoing challenges to provide quality medical care to their communities. Rationale of the Research The rationale of this research is based upon the following facts: 1.) Rural Healthcare and Barriers to Accessing Care: Many small rural hospitals have closed, while other health care supply of primary care physicians and other health care provider facilities are in financial straits. Unavailability of resources and transportation problems are barriers to access for rural populations. 2.). The supply of primary care practitioners and other health care providers in rural areas is decreasing. Some are leaving rural areas to join managed care organizations elsewhere. 3.) Barriers to Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Goals for improving the Nation’s health over the next decade can be achieved only if rural populations are included in efforts to remove barriers to access and use of clinical preventive services. 4.) Barriers Related to Lack in Health Care Technology. Technologies including telemedicine offer promise of improved access to health care, but their most efficient and effective applications need further evaluation. 5.) Organizational Barriers of Service Provision to Vulnerable Rural Populations: Low population density in rural areas makes it inherently difficult to deliver services that target persons with special health needs. Groups at particular risk include: the elderly; the poor; people with HIV or AIDS; the homeless; mothers, children, and adolescents; racial or ethnic minorities; and persons with disabilities. 6.) Consumer choice and the rural hospital. Factors that drive changes in rural hospitals have a critical effect on consumer choice and access. Significance of the Study This study is significant in that individuals in rural areas are likely to continue to receive less healthcare as well as less effective healthcare if rural healthcare does not gain necessary knowledge, informed by research study as to what should be done to better deliver health care services to those in rural areas. This study is of significance to several groups including patients depending on rural healthcare services, the families of these patients, the rural communities at large and the insurance companies who provide insurance coverage for individuals in rural areas.

Compare and Contrast two cultures Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Compare and Contrast two cultures - Case Study Example This does not mean that she is an entirely close-minded person. She is exactly the opposite. She has very clear ways of thinking, expressing herself on general matters and is capable of sticking to her own viewpoint mulishly. Only when it comes to personal and emotional issues, it is almost impossible to get a word from Lisa. Her opinions, when they are mildly expressed, lean more towards prudish and conventional mould. But socially she is known to be a liberal to the point of generosity. She cannot tolerate people suffering socially with any kind of stigma. Her prudishness is mainly applied to herself than to others. In spite of having conventional views, she would never stay behind from helping a person in need, although the individual is suffering from being unconventional and untraditional. She has very healthy points of view when it comes to economic issues. Condemning and discriminating the poor and the deprived could never be tolerated by Lisa. Her political views are unexpect edly refreshing. Her liberal mindedness is extended to politics and she likes to see fairness in all the political issues. She is a just person and does not like people suffer quietly due to injustice. She belongs to the Episcopal Church in the United States and perhaps this is the main draw back, because Lisa conforms to most of its principles. Being somewhere midway between Catholicism and Protestantism, Episcopalian movement has rather unclear issues like supporting both sides of abortion, and homosexuality. This has confused Lisa immensely, even though she tries hard to adhere to the Church. To some extent, Lisa approves the women's equality because the Church has thrived on the issue of women priests. Sometimes, Lisa finds it difficult to apply the Church principles to everyday modern life; but she has the grit and determination to stick to it however difficult it could be. Even though it is the same Christian church, the oddities have entered into different kinds of churches according to the geography in which they are placed. "Christian faith, the system of belief, worship and cultural and religious characteristics which grew up around Jesus, has similarly to assume cultura l and socio-political identities and bear their consequences," Wilkinson (1993, p.5). The fact remains that in addition to the cultural stiffness attributed to the earlier British, Lisa also has the Church rigidity to abide with, and this has resulted in a difficult combination that has made Lisa a stickler kind of a person without much flexibility. This has happened despite her liberal-minded views and even though she is now living in a rather over-liberal society, it only has made Lisa further disapproving. There could be a gender dimension here, because women have always been more God fearing. "Women's stronger attachment to church activity was a major factor underlying their generally higher level of religious identity during the century. Not only did women go to church more than men, but they were usually the critical figures in organizing the rituals marking rites of passage - marriage and baptism," Brown (2006, p.30). 2. In apparent contradiction, David is very different from Lisa, with highly emotional character. He never had any problem in expressing his emotional side, had never been bashful in the display of emotions. If one takes Lisa as one extreme, David would fit to the other extreme without any exaggeration. David is definitely not at all prudish, unlike Lisa. His ideas

Shakespeares personal life and the writings of Hamlet Research Paper

Shakespeares personal life and the writings of Hamlet - Research Paper Example The rest of this essay is an exercise toward this end. First of all, in order to understand the connection between the personal and the professional, it is important to locate the exact time period in which the play was written. Given that Shakespeare lived during the late sixteenth century and early seventeenth century, there are no authoritative accounts of when the play was written. So one can only arrive at a tentative date; and scholarly consensus designates the period between 1599 and 1602. (Fedderson, 2000, p.145) By this time, Shakespeare was already an established playwright and his works had acquired him critical appreciation as well as popular recognition. He was in his late thirties by this time and been married to Anne Hathaway for close to twenty years. Hence, it is fair to say that Shakespeare had seen enough of lifes challenges and travails to have gained insights into human relationships. (Ross, 1999, p.6) And the vividness with which the author puts forth emotions related to betrayal, treachery and grave indignation in the play is a reflection of his own maturity as a person. As Prof. Park Honanspents recent biography on the great artist reveals, â€Å"In addition to fresh information about the women in Shakespeares life, what has come to light is playwrights connections with more sinister matters and how his personal experiences of treachery were mirrored on stage. Using new computerised linguistic research, researchers claim that Shakespeares acquaintance with murder in his private life was not only reflected in the plots of his plays, but actually performed by Shakespeare on stage.† (The Birmingham Post, Oct, 1998, p.3) This is a relevant observation, for the central plot of Hamlet is one of revenge and murder. In it, Prince Hamlet contrives to kill his uncle Claudius, for his father was killed and the throne usurped by the latter. Shakespeare is no stranger

European Environmental Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

European Environmental Agency - Essay Example We are a main information source for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public" (p.1). The agency works towards reaching its primary goals in the following ways; "By providing a wide range of information and assessments of: The state of the environment and trends, Pressures on the environment and the driving forces behind them, Policies and their effectiveness and Outlooks/scenarios," (EEA, 1995-2008 p.1). Further promotion of the works of the group come with, "The European Environmental Agency (EEA) Scientific Committee has called for the suspension of the EU target of 10% biofuels use in transportation by 2020, and is recommending a new, comprehending scientific study on the environmental risks and benefits of biofuels," Further elaborating that, "The Scientific Committee assists the management board and executive director of the EEA by providing scientific advice and delivering professional opinions on any scientific matter in the areas of work undertaken by the Agency. The committee comprises 20 independent scientists from 15 EEA member countries, covering a variety of environmental fields," (Green Car Congress 2008, p.1). Each individual organization has a listing of primary responsibilities that are the primary focus for the organization, as well as the body of memb

Abstract article on evolution of hazardous explosives emergency Research Paper

Abstract article on evolution of hazardous explosives emergency response - Research Paper Example The trend today has been the development of realistic plans which are put down on paper. It is however noted that the emphasis of putting such plans on paper has to some extent drawn focus away from the planning process itself and from the original goal of ensuring that the community is well prepared in the case of emergencies. Unlike in previous times when emergency response was the preserve of federal, regional and local governments, the activity today involves policy makers, law enforcement agencies as well as the military. With regard to terrorism, a lot of emphasis has been put on understanding the way human beings behave when subjected to stress based on information logically drawn from past studies on technological and natural disasters. Explosion emergency preparedness and response today involves the sharing of information and cooperative planning among a diversity of parties unlike what used to happen a couple of decades ago. One of the main concerns when it comes to emergency response planning and execution is citizen panic. Based on past experiences with natural and technological disasters, new models of human behaviour in the event of different explosive disasters have been developed. A lot of variations in human behaviour in disasters are based on the effects and nature of the agents that cause the explosion. Past studies have shown that some agents cause higher and more acute fear levels as compared to others. Some of the elements that have been considered by emergency planners and responders in the event of disasters include the patterns of citizen response which are impacted by such factors as disaster syndrome, and panic among other factors. In general, it is noted that the response of citizens in the event of disasters such as explosions can be predicted. The outcome of such disasters on victims and citizens to a large extent can be extrapolated from past literature on people’s responses to

Managing Ethichs and Social responsibility Research Paper

Managing Ethichs and Social responsibility - Research Paper Example In relation to the conception of business ethics along with social responsibility, Business Ethic Management (BEM) is viewed to be a process of analysing as well as minimising ethical issues or problems with the application of certain specific programs and effectual practices. There are varied important elements that are applied by different organisations for minimising ethical problems or issues that include formulating effectual mission statements and establishing standard code of ethics. It has been apparently observed that the people involved with an organisation are provided with business ethics related education as well as training in order to effectively operate their respective business activities in accordance with organisational objectives. Moreover, business operations of an organisation are required to be audited as well as reported in an appropriate manner in order to effectively analyze business performances by a significant level (University of Bahrain, n.d.). News Int ernational or NI Group Ltd (NI) is regarded as one of the renowned as well as the biggest publishers of famous British newspapers. The well-known newspapers published by NI are The Sunday Times and The Times. These newspapers which publish by the organisation are considered to be the best in consideration to quality. Furthermore, another well-known newspaper of the organisation named The Sun is regarded to be one of the most read newspapers in the UK that accounts to seven million readers per day (NI Group Limited, 2012). This discussion will emphasize upon analysing ethical as well as social issues that faced by NI. Moreover, the discussion will further focus upon the techniques as well as the standards that adopted by the organisation in minimising all these identified issues that are pertaining within the organisation. Ethical and Social Issues of NI NI is one the famous newspaper publisher in the UK that faced several issues or problems which have been identified to hamper the p erformances as well as the business ethics of the organisation at large. The organisation has faced the problems due to corrupt practices that were performed for investigating certain crime related activities or news reports. The major ethical problem that faced by the organisation is the phone-hacking investigation procedure. Moreover, the staff members of the organisation were also alleged that they were involved in accessing messages of general public along with comprising the celebrities as well as the politicians (Davies, 2009). Furthermore, one of the staff members named Clive Goodman as well as two other members of NI was identified to be involved in tapping the phone calls of Prince William, a member of royal family (Day, 2006). There was another event that hampered the ethical standards of the organisation considering the case of Milly Dowler who was murdered. In regard to this case, the members of NI were alleged that they erased messages from Milly Dowler’s mobile phone with the intention of acquiring future messages (Muller, 2012). Furthermore, the organisation is also charged with the crime of providing bribery to public officials for acquiring important information

Article Review 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Article Review 2 - Essay Example With the end in view of a win-win situation, the then-President Clinton promised that the â€Å"agreement will open China’s market to us.† However, within the span of 6 years, there have been rampant findings that China’s agricultural exports, specially that of veterinary feeds have been adulterated with at least 3 chemicals detrimental and derogatory to the Americans. Chemicals posing health hazards are the likes of melamine, cyanuric acid, diethylene glycol, have been separately found in the Chinese agricultural produce exported to the U.S., whose remedial actions are more costly than the short and long-run cost-benefit analysis. The PNTR with China as part of the World Trade Organization (WTO) cum â€Å"globalization has turned out to be a cheat.† The trade relations with China is too costly for the Americans which poses threat to health, life, and limbs of the â€Å"Beautiful American† ecology. While the â€Å"Americans can’t count the cost merely in dollars and in bushels,† China is not at par with the American â€Å"health, sanitary or safety standards.† The actual U.S. findings on product adulteration by Chinese traders, despite the latter’s haggling and denial, are merely ignored by globalists and free-traders for years—simply because of profit-motive. The reviewer agrees with the Author, whose heart and soul is merely to protect and conserve American legacy against the ill-effects of development and globalization. Profit-motive and human greed is the root-cause of this trade war and disequilibrium. When deceit and fraud are prevalent, the goods and services in the commerce of men are felt immediately in the short and in the long while. Progress and development has its price, but we can procure conservatively by not hurrying too much, and by taking time to study more seriously before opening the â€Å"pandora’s box5† to our detriment. The elders have spoken, why don’t we listen and take pains in

Enterprise Technologies and the Value Chain Research Paper

Enterprise Technologies and the Value Chain - Research Paper Example As the paper stresses mobile business refers to electronic business transactions enabled, in part, by mobile technology targeting both consumers and businesses. Mobile business includes mobile commerce activities that represent mobile technology enabled transactions. Mobile technologies that support mobile businesses are grouped as networks and devices. Mobile devices can range from GPS and RFID chips to tablets and barcode scanners. Mobile networks include RFID, Bluetooth, GPS and mobile telecommunication networks. These are utilized, by organizations, to offer customization and flexibility. Unlike e-commerce, M-business offers value via enabling users to be reachable anytime and be mobile. According to the discussion findings value creation can occur via support to mobile users (employees) or mobile activities such as tracking supplies and raw materials. An industry trend that is growing is Fixed Mobile Convergence where centralized infrastructure and management support a mobile workforce that provides access to business applications from all locations and network connections. The greater the mobile workforce size in an organization, the higher the value proposition for mobile business in the organization. Three components are vital in the value proposition of mobile business for an organization; relevant actors, mobile technology’s unique attributes, and activities supported.

Hunting Snake by Judith Wright Essay Example for Free

Hunting Snake by Judith Wright Essay First of all remember that we would never know what exactly the poet is trying to mention and non of the comments can said to be ‘wrong’ Great black snake represents the aborigin people in Australia and the person who gets scared of this snake is an English occupier. The word black is simply you can understand that it means black people and snake is a wild animal who lives on their own land but humans are the occupiers and the writer at the same time fears and admires the snake while the snake fled which mean the snake is also afraid of the people. As you can understand in present time, English people have started moving to Australia in order to get that place and the aborigins, the original people of Australia is being ignored at the same time we admire them but this admire is so extreme and unnecessary that we make them feel like theyre wild animals. And if you ever go to Australia, you would see that the tour guides would show the local people of Australia, the aborigins with their hands and we would admire them but we will never chat with them or have any talk between as we are scared and this is also the way we treat the wild animals. In the first stanza, we can see a perfect Picture of the atmosphere. The sky is in ‘gentlest’ way despite when the person sees that ‘great’ ‘black’ snake, we can understand that with using the word ‘great’, person admires the snake. But why is the word ‘black’ is used? As you can understand the color black represents darkness which humans fear. Also don’t we talk about racism, the ‘black’ and white people. We treat the black people as the same way, we act like they’re aliens, like they’re different from us and also we show an unnecessary amount of admire which makes them more alienated.

Leading The Industry Topshop Marketing Essay

Leading The Industry Topshop Marketing Essay Topshop was the most influential brand in the British Fashion community, edging out HM for number one position and dominating all other competitors. They distinguished themselves through their immensely popular range of clothing, accessories and makeup and a portfolio of successful product-led marketing initiatives such as Topshop Unique and Kate Moss Design Collaboration. Topshop integrated multiple marketing initiatives into one connected program creating a network effect which resulted in increased traffic through their sales channels. Our methods We use patented technology and methods from our research partner Linkfluence the world leader in social media analysis. Â  To gauge who is the most influential womans High Street fashion brand in the UK, JOYN analysed all social media activity from the 1000 most influential social websites in the UK Fashion Community published from July to December in 2010. Â  The most relevant opinions were selected, coded and analysed by our team of fashion experts. Unpick the Market Leader The most signficant finding of our research was high quality products and range are the foundation of a successful digital strategy. Almost 70% of all conversations about Topshop directly related to their products, their conventional marketing activities were a fraction of that figure. Top Shops products enjoyed a cult following in the British Fashion Community. Popular lines such as Mainline, Premium, Boutique and Unique position their brand as an astute follower and creator of trends. This resulted in over 115 mentions every month amongst the most influential blogs, online magazines and traditional media, none of which they paid for. Topshops ability to earn enormous media coverage from fans, influential bloggers and online magazines is proof of their position as most influential brand. Topshop Success Stories in 2H 2010: Alluring products London Fashion Week Engage emerging designers Spread marketing investments Author influential blog A Clear Brand Position A key ingredient in any successful brand is a clear and identifiable brand position that people trust and believe. Topshop set out to copy the catwalk, but what they have ended up doing is to develop something that has much more personality and character of its own. With many competing brands all offering fashion and quality at the best price, Topshop differentiate themselves as a fashion-led trendsetter inspired by London youth culture and fashion. An example of the value of taking a stand was Topshop being the only High Street brand showing at London Fashion Week. There commitment to this initiative extends to financially supporting and stocking emerging designers. The support and enthusiasm from the UK Fashion community was huge, Topshop Unique earned over 200 articles within the British Fashion Community reaching a potential audience of millions. Earned media coverage is a proven sales driver and created a halo effect of good-will and credibility to Topshops other ranges. This kind of media is fueled by consumer satisfaction and advocacy, its proof that Topshop have earned their space in their customers hearts. Winning Design Collaboration The Design Collaboration strategy outperformed celebrity endorsement. Topshops long-standing design collaboration with an outspoken and controversial fashion icon successfully drove word of mouth. The Fashion Community wrote 1069 online articles about Topshop between June and December 2010, 217 were in relation to Kate Moss. HM attained similar levels of success. Their designer collaboration with Lanvin attracted 223 articles during this period a fantastic result. However the pressure to go bigger and better requires significant financial investment and carries increased risk. Mango and Uniqlo both pursued a celebrity endorsement strategy which barely registered amoungst key influencers. Their high-profile endorsements from Terry Richardson, Orlando Bloom, Charlize Theron, Scarlett Johansson and Olivia Palermo were largely ignored. The Kate Moss Collection set the benchmark for success demonstrating the value of authentic design collaborations. What this means for your brand 1. Commit to social media The leading brands are investing in social media because they realise their customers have stopped trusting advertising and are increasingly influenced by online word-of-mouth and customer recommendation. Thanks to the growth of social media, traditional advertising and celebrity endorsement is no longer leading consumers to your door, now, a multitude of bloggers, online magazines and social networks drive sales. This means traditional advertising strategies must be reconsidered, or scrapped to make way for a new understanding of when at what touch points people are most open to influence and how best to talk to them at those points. 2. Use social media research to learn about your customers Evaluating perceptions of your brand in social media will reveal what people are really think about you- good, bad or indifferent. Â  When we looked at Mango we saw their products and marketing failing to capture the imagination of the fashion community a social media listening strategy would have alerted Mango to this problem. Most people assume Google Analytics does this job, but this simple tool only allows you to analyse visitors to your website. The real insights come from listening to the spontaneous conversations happening throughout social media that impact your brand. This can reveal current and potential groups of customers, popular online retailers, product preferences, online influencers and lead users.